Westerns

Adgerton, Gary. “‘A Breed Apart’: Hollywood, Racial Stereotyping, and the Promise of Revisionism in The Last of the Mohicans.” Journal of American Culture 17.2 (1994), 1-17.

Aleiss, Angela. “Hollywood’s Ideal of Postwar Assimilation: Indian/White Attitudes in ‘Broken Arrow’” M.F.A. Columbia University, 1985.

Aleiss, Angela. “Native Americans: The Surprising Silents.” Cineaste 21 (1995), 34-35.

Alexie, Sherman. “My Heroes Have Never Been Cowboys” & “Reservation Drive-In”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 253-258. [Taken from First Indian on the Moon, 1993].

Allen, Chadwick. Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist Test. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.

Allred, Christine Edwards. Harper’s Indians: Representing Native America in Popular Magazine Culture, 1893-1922. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2001.

Baird, Robert. “Going Indian: From Deerslayer to Dances With Wolves” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 277-292. [Taken from Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture, ed. by S. Elizabeth Bird, 1996.]

Baird, Robert. “Going Indian: From Deerslayer to Dances With Wolves”, In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 277-292. [Taken from Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture, ed. by S. Elizabeth Bird, 1996.]

Bataille, Gretchen M, and Charles O. Silet, eds. The Pretend Indians: Images of Native Americans in the Movies. Ames: Iowa State UP, 1980.

Bazin, André. “The Evolution of the Western,” in What Is Cinema? II, trans. Hugh Gray. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, 149-157. [reprinted in Kitses, Jim and Rickman, Gregg (eds). 1998. The Western Reader. New York: Limelight Editions. 46-56].

Bazin, André. “The Western: or the American Film Par Excellence,” in What Is Cinema? II, trans. Hugh Gray. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, 140-148.

Bellour, “Alternation, Segmentation, Hypnosis: Interview with Raymond Bellour – An Excerpt”, Camera Obscura, ¾ (1979). [Reprinted in Constance Penley (ed), Feminism and Film Theory. New York: Routledge & London: BFI, 186-195.

Bergland, Renée L. The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects. Hanover: UP of New England, 2000.

Berkhofer, Robert F. The White Man’s Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present. New York: Random House, 1979.

Bernstein, Alison R. American Indians and World War II: Towards a New Era in Indian Affairs. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Brownlow, Kevin. The War, the West, and the Wilderness. New York: Knopf, 1979.

Budd, Michael. “A Home in the Wilderness: Visual Imagery in John Ford’s Westerns”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 133-147. [originally published in Cinema Journal 16. 1, 1976]

Buscombe, Edward, ed. The BFI Companion to the Western. New York: Atheneum, 1990.

Buscombe, Edward, “Inventing Monument Valley: Nineteenth-Century Landscape Photography and the Western Film.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 115-130. [taken from Fugitive Images, ed. by Patrice Petro]

Buscombe, Edward. Stagecoach. London: British Film Institute, 1992.

Cawelti, John G. The Six-Gun Mystique. Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Press, 1975.

Cawelti, John. The Six-Gun Mystique Sequel. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State U. Popular P., 1999.

Churchill, Ward. Fantasies of the Master Race: Literature, Cinema and the Colonization of American Indians. Revised and expanded edition. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1998.

Cohan, Steven. Masked Men: Masculinity and the Movies in the Fifties. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997.

Combs, Richard. “Retrospective: High Noon”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 167-172. [originally published in Monthly Film Bulletin, June 1986]

Cook, Pam. “Women and the Western.”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 293-300. [taken from The BFI Companion to the Western. Edward Buscombe ed. London: André Deutsch/BFI, 1988, 240-43].

Corkin, Stanley. Cowboys as Cold Warriors: The Western and U.S. History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004.

Coyne, Michael. The Crowded Prairie: American National Identity in the Hollywood Western. London & New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1997.

Deloria, Philip J. Playing Indian. New Haven: Yale U. P., 1998.

Dippie, Brian W. The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy. Lawrence: UP of Kansas, 1982.

Dough Williams, “Pilgrims and the Promised Land: A Genealogy of the Western.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 93-113.

Dugnat, Raymond and Simmon, Scott, 1998 (1980) “Six Creeds that Won the Western.”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 69- 84. [originally published in Film Comment, September-October, 1980].

Eckstein, Arthur M. and Lehman, Peter, eds. The Searchers: Essays and Reflection on John Ford’s Classic Western. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004.

French, Philip. 1973. Westerns: Aspects of a Movie Genre. London: Secker & Warburg, 1973.

Friar, Ralph E. and Natasha Friar. The Only Good Indian … The Hollywood Gospel. New York: Drama Book Specialists/Publishers, 1972.

Gallager, Tag. “Angels Gambol Where They Will: John Ford’s Indians.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 69- 84. 269-275. [originally published in Film Comment September-October, 1993].

Gallagher, Tag. “Shoot-Out at the Genre Corral: Problems in the “Evolution” of the Western.” In Film Genre Reader III. Barry Keith Grant, ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003, 262-276.

Green, Rayna. “The Pocahontas Perplex: The Image of Indian Women in American Culture.” The Massachusetts Review, 16 (Fall 1975), 698-714.

Hilger, Michael. From Savage to Nobleman: Images of Native Americans in Film. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1995.

Hoberman, J. “How the Western Was Lost.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 85-92 [originally published in The Village Voice Aug. 27, 1991].

Holmlund, Chris. “Nouveaux Western for the 1990s: Genre offshoot, audience reroutes”. Impossible Bodies: Femininity and Masculinity at the Movies. London & New York: Routledge, 2002, 51-67.

Holmlund, Chris. “Nouveaux Western for the 1990s: Genre Offshoot, Audience Reroutes”. Impossible Bodies: Femininity and Masculinity at the Movies. London & New York: Routledge, 2002, 51-67.

Jay, Gregory S. “‘White Man’s Book No Good’: D. W. Griffith and the American Indian.” Cinema Journal, 39.4 (2000), 3-26.

Jenkins, Jennifer Lei. “Hearts and Minds: Violence and Domesticity in Hopi Life.” Paradoxa 15: 146-57.

Kilpatrick, Jacqueline. Celluloid Indians: Native Americans and Film. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1999.

Kitses, Jim and Rickman, Gregg, eds. The Western Reader. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998.

Kitses, Jim. “Authorship and Genre: Notes on the Western,”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 57-68. [taken from Horizon West: Anthony Mann, Budd Boetticher, Sam Peckinpah: Studies of Authorship within the Western. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1969].

Kitses, Jim. Horizon West: Anthony Mann, Budd Boetticher, Sam Peckinpah: Studies of Authorship within the Western. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1969.

Kitses, Jim. 1998. “An Exemplary Post-Modern Western: The Ballad of Little Jo”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 367-380.

Kitses, Jim. 1998. “Peckinpah Revisited: Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 223-243.

Kitses, Jim. Horizon West: Directing the Western from John Ford to Clint Eastwood. New edition. London: BFI, 2004.

Kolodny, Annette. The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P., 1975.

Landy, Marcia. “He Went Thataway: The Form and Style of Leone’s Italian Westerns.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 213-222.  [originally published in Boundary 2, 23. 1, Spring 1996].

Lehman, Peter. “Looking at Look’s Missing Reverse Shot: Psychoanalysis and Style in John Ford’s The Searchers.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 259-268. [taken from Wide Angle 4. 4, 1981].

Lenihan, John H. Showdown: Confronting Modern America in the Western Film. Urbana: U. of Illinois Press, 1985 (1980).

Lovell, Alan. “The Western”. In Movies and Methods, Bill Nichols ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

Lucas, Blake. “Saloon Girls and Ranchers’ Daughters: The Woman in the Western.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 301-320.

Mardsen, Michael, and Jack Nachbar. “The Indians in the Movies.” Handbook of North American Indians. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1988, 607-16.

Mitchell, Lee Clark, Westerns: Making the Man in Fiction and Film. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1996.

Modleski, Tania. “Our Heroes Have Sometimes Been Cowgirls”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998,355-366. [originally published in Film Quarterly 49. 2 (Winter 1995-96).]

Mortimer, Barbara. Hollywood’s Frontier Captives: Cultural Anxiety and the Captivity Plot in American Film. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2000.

Mulvey, Laura. “Afterthoughts on ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ inspired by Duel in the Sun”. In Feminism and Film Theory. Constance Penley, ed. New York: Routledge & London: BFI, 69-79.

Nachbar, Jack G. “Introduction: A Century on the Trail.” Journal of Popular Film & TV, 30. 4 (2003): 178-80.

Neale, Steve. “Vanishing Americans: Racial and Ethnic Issues in the Interpretation and Context of Post-war ‘Pro-Indian’ Westerns”. Back in the Saddle Again: New Essays on the Western. Edward Buscombe and Roberta Pearson, eds. London: British Film Institute, 1998, 8-28.

Nichols, Bill. “Style, Grammar and the Movies.” In Movies and Methods, Bill Nichols ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

O’Connor, John E. 1980. The Hollywood Indian: Stereotypes of Native American in Films. Trenton: New Jersey State Museum, 1980.

Peek, Wendy Chapman. “Cherchez la Femme: The Searchers, Vertigo and Masculinity in post-Kinsey America.” Journal of American Culture 21.2 (Summer 1998): 73-87.

Peek, Wendy Chapman. “The Romance of Competence: Rethinking Masculinity in the Western.” Journal of Popular Film & TV, 30. 4 (Winter 2003), 206-219.

Peterson, Janet. 1998 (1996) “The Competing Tunes of Johnny Guitar: Liberalism, Sexuality, Masquerade.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 321-339. [taken from Cinema Journal 35. 3, 1996]

Pumphrey, Martin. “Masculinity”. The BFI Companion to the Western. Ed. Edward Buscombe: London: BFI, 1998, 181-83.

Pumphrey, Martin. “Why Do Cowboys Wear Hats in the Bath?. Styles and Politics for the Older Man”. The Book of Westerns. Douglas Pye and Ian Cameron, eds. London: Studio Vista, 1996, 50-62.[first published in Critical Quarterly 31 (Autumn 1988), 78-100]

Pye, Douglas and Cameron, Ian, eds. The Book of Westerns. London: Studio Vista, 1996.

Pye, Douglas. “The Collapse of Fantasy: Masculinity and the Westerns of Anthony Mann.” Ed. Douglas Pye and Ian Cameron. The Book of Westerns. London: Studio Vista.

Pye, Douglas. “The Western (Genre and Movies).” In Film Genre Reader III. Barry Keith Grant, ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 203-218.

Rickman, Gregg. 1998. “The Western Under Erasure: Dead Man”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 381-404.

Rollins, Peter C, and John E, O’Connor, eds. Hollywood’s Indian: The Portrayal of the Native American in Film. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.

Russell, Lee. “Budd Boetticher”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 195-200. [originally published in New Left Review 32, 1965]

Saunders, John. The Western Genre: From Lordsburg to Big Whiskey. Short Cuts Series 7. London: Wallflower, 2001.

Schackel, Sandra Key, “Women in Western Films: The Civilizer, the Saloon Singer, and Their Modern Sister.” In Shooting Stars: Heroes and Heroines of Western Film. Archie P. McDonald, ed. Bloomington: Indiana U. P. 1987, 196-217.

Schatz, Thomas. “The Western”. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. Boston, Mass.: MacGraw-Hill, 1981, 45-80.

Simmon, Scott. “Concerning the Weary Legs of Wyatt Earp: The Classic Western According to Shakespeare.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 149-166. [originally published in Literature/Film Quaterly  24. 2, 1996]

Slotkin, Richard. Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998 (1992).

Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950.

Studlar, Gaylyn and Bernstein, Matthew, eds. John Ford Made Westerns: Filming the Legend in the Sound Era. Bloomington and Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001.

Thomson, David, “Saloon Sirens and Prairie Roses”, in Ann Lloyd (ed.), The Movie, 10. London: Orbis, 1982, 2350-53.

Thumim, Janet. 1998 (1995). “ ‘Maybe He’s Tough But He Sure Ain’t No Carpenter’: Masculinity and In/Competence in Unforgiven.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 341-354. [taken from Me Jane, ed. by Pat Kirkham and Janet Thumin, 1995]

Tilton; Robert S. Pocahontas: The Evolution of an American Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.

Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. London: Oxford U.P., 1992.

Turan, Kenneth. “A Fistful of Memories”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 245-249.

Turner, Frederick Jackson. “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893), reprinted in Frontier and Section: Selected Essays of Frederick Jackson Turner Ray Allen Billington, ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1961, 37-62.

Tuska, John, The American West in Film: Critical Approaches to the Western. Lincoln: U. of Nebraska Press, [1985] 1988, 223-35.

Umland, Sam. “The Representation of the Native American in the Hollywood Western,” Platter Valley Review 19 (1991), 49-70.

Walker, Janet ed. Westerns: Films Through History. New York and London: Routledge, 2001.

Warshow, Robert. “Movie Chronicle: The Westerner.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 35-48. [originally published in Partisan Review, (April, 1954)].

Warshow, Robert. The Immediate Experience. New York: Atheneum, 1970 (1964).

Watson, Garry. “The Western: The Genre that Engenders a Nation,” Cineaction 46 (June 1998), 3-10.

Wexman, Virginia Wright. 1993. “Star and Genre: John Wayne, The Western, and the American Dream of the Family on the Land”. In Creating the Couple: Love, Marriage, and Hollywood Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 67-129.

Wexman, Virginia Wright. “The Family on the Land: Race and Nationhood in Silent Westerns.” In The Birth of Whiteness: Race and the Emergence of U.S. Cinema. Bernardi, Daniel, ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers U.P., 1996, 129-69.

Wicking, Christopher and Pattison, Barrie. “Interview with Anthony Mann.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 201-207 (originally published in Screen, July-October 1969).

Wilkinson, Charles F. American Indians, Time, and the Law: Native Societies in a Modern Constitutional Democracy. New Haven: Yale U. P., 1987.

Willeman, Paul, “Anthony Mann: Looking at the Male”. In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 209-211 (originally published in Framework nos. 15/16/17).

Willemen, Paul. 1998.  “Anthony Mann: Looking at the Male.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 209-212.

Wood, Robin. “Rio Bravo and Retrospect.” In The Western Reader. Jim Kitses and Gregg Rickman, eds. New York: Limelight Editions, 1998, 172-194 (originally published in Howard Hawks, 1968).

Wright, Will. Sixguns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Wright, Will. The Wild West: The Mythical Cowboy and Social Theory. London: Sage, 2001. 

Wright, Will. Six Guns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. Berkeley: U. of California Press, 1975.